On the Uposatha, Tahn Pamutto discusses the important first stage of meditation – even before beginning the development of mindfulness. The Buddha describes this two ways – ‘Abandoning the Five Hindrances’, or ‘Abandoning Covetousness and Grief for the World’. They describe the same process – removing the obstacles of the mind keeping unwholesome mental states in charge of the direction of the mind. He also gives five mental reflections that can be applied to try to determine which hindrance is present and apply an antidote.